Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

So far there has been no consensus regarding the definition of the land snail family Orculidae (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Orthurethra). Here, we present the outcome of a phylogenetic study on the Orculidae including all genus-level taxa ever mentioned to be members of this family except for Speleodentorcula and Walklea. Analyses were performed based on a data set including three mitochondrial (COI, 12S, 16S) and two nuclear (H4/H3,...