Exercise and the Hallmarks of Cancer

Regular, moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) (e.g., brisk walking) decreases the risk of many cancers as well as of cancer mortality. To a certain extent, PA’s benefits on cancer risk/mortality are dose dependent (e.g., even more evident in elite athletes), and no detrimental effect has been found. In animal studies regular exercise inhibits tumor onset and progression across a wide range of tumor models and anatomical locations. The usual...