Reply to Piperno et al.: It is too soon to argue for localized, short-term human impacts in interfluvial Amazonia

We welcome the debate opened by Piperno et al. (1) in response to our recent article (2), and thank the editors of PNAS for the opportunity to reply. Although acknowledging that we detected localized human impacts in our study area, Piperno et al. (1) downplay the increases in palms observed at the geoglyph sites, stating it’s “unclear” whether humans actively managed the forest in these locations. Independent of one’s opinion about...