Simulating transverse icebreaking process considering both crushing and bending failures

The present numerical model simulates ice actions on marine structures in the vicinity of the waterline caused by breaking of intact ice. Intact ice mainly fail in bending or/and crushing mode on the interaction surface between ice and the hull. In this paper, a new method has been proposed to simulate non-simultaneous crushing failure in time domain based on previous research on simulations of bending failure. The simulated results are also...