The chemical basis for electrical signaling

Electrical signals generated by minute currents of ions moving across cell membranes are central to all rapid processes in biology. Initiation and propagation of electrical signals requires voltage-gated sodium (NaV) and calcium (CaV) channels. These channels contain a tetramer of membrane-bound subunits or domains comprising a voltage sensor and a pore module. Voltage-dependent activation occurs as membrane depolarization drives outward...