Subjectivity of teacher judgments: Exploring student characteristics that influence teacher judgments of student ability

Teacher judgments of student achievement are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, making it imperative that judgments be as fair and reliable as possible. Using a large national database from New Zealand, we explored the relation between psychometrically designed standardized achievement results and teacher judgments in reading (N = 4771 students) and writing (N = 11,765 students) using hierarchical linear modelling. Our findings...