Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil designing for high electromagnetic field gradient generation

Introduction: Commercial transcranial magnetic stimulators (TMS) are designed to obtain highest transient magnetic field or induced electrical field for stimulation at desired locations, like figure-8 coil as shown in figure 1a. However, from cable equation model we know that membrane capacitor can only be charged by the spatial gradient of the induced electric filed to reach activation threshold. New generation TMS tools will be effectively...