Anti-Cytokine Strategies beyond Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-α Therapy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Cytokines are small proteins produced by a broad range of cells important in cell signaling. They include interleukins, but also chemokines, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors (TNF). They play an important role for communication between cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. The cytokine network is complex and, therefore, therapeutic interventions are difficult. The first anti-cytokine strategy successfully introduced into IBD...