The effect of zonal factors in estimating crash risks by transportation modes: Motor vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian

This paper aimed to (i) differentiate the effects of contributory factors on crash risks related to different transportation modes, i.e., motor vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian; (ii) explore the potential contribution of zone-level factors which are traditionally excluded or omitted, so as to track the source of heterogeneous effects of certain risk factors in crash-frequency models by different modes. Two analytical methods, i.e. negative...