Subsidiary internal and external embeddedness: trade-up and trade-off

Much, if not most, of the international business literature argues that subsidiaries benefit from balancing their internal embeddedness in the multinational enterprise to which they belong, and their external embeddedness in the host environment in which they are located. In this paper we argue that there are tensions between embeddedness in internal and in external networks, and that a balance between these two types of embeddedness is more...