Hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusions and stable isotope characteristics of the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan: Implications for deposit type and metallogenesis

The Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit is an important Fe (–Cu) deposit in the Yamansu Fe mineralization belt, Eastern Tianshan. Five-stage (Stage I to V) hydrothermal alteration/mineralization have been recognized: The early skarn (Stage I) and late skarn (Stage II) stages are featured by extensive garnet and amphibole alteration, respectively. Magnetite mineralization stage (Stage III) is associated with pervasive K + Fe ± Ca alteration, forming...