Reliability effect on energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of mining hauling fleet towards sustainable mining

Mineral commodity prices have decreased swiftly since 2012. For example, gold price, which was above 1800 per ounce, is currently about 250 per ounce. Price slumps were even more severe in the base metals. Furthermore, the resource degradation and complex geologic conditions give rise to operation costs. As a result, many mining operations and development projects were eventually suspended, cancelled or ceased. Environmental compliance is...