A Many-Facet Rasch analysis comparing essay rater behavior on an academic English reading/writing test used for two purposes

Second language (L2) writing researchers have noted that various rater and scoring variables may affect ratings assigned by human raters (Cumming, 1990; Vaughan, 1991; Weigle, 1994, 1998, 2002; Cumming, Kantor, & Powers, 2001; Lumley, 2002; Barkaoui, 2010). Contrast effects (Daly & Dickson-Markman, 1982; Hales & Tokar, 1975; Hughes, Keeling, & Tuck, 1983), or how previous scores impact later ratings, may also color raters’ judgments of writing...