Effects of dietary taurine, carnitine and cholesterol supplementation on growth performance and immunological status ofLitopenaeus vannameiunder cold exposure

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary feed additives on growth and immunological status of Litopenaeus vannamei under cold exposure. Four experimental diets with 0.2% taurine, 0.01% carnitine, 0.1% cholesterol supplementation and control were fed to L. vannamei (IBW 0.86 ± 0.03 g) for 30 days at 30 ± 1°C before water temperature was dropped to 16°C with a rate of −4°C h−1. Growth performance parameters including weight gain...