A dual frequency algorithm for the identification of sandeel school echotraces

Sandeels are not only targets of a significant industrial fishery, but are also considered to be a vital trophic component of the North Sea ecosystem. At present there is no satisfactory survey method to sample sandeels which produces a global absolute abundance estimate. Acoustic surveys have been carried out, but suffer from an inability to consistently identify sandeel echo traces in an objective manner. As sandeels lack a swimbladder, their...