Operational Productivity, Corporate Social Performance, Financial Performance, and Risk in Manufacturing Firms

We examine the relationship between Operational Productivity ( OP ), Corporate Social Performance ( CSP ), Financial Performance ( FP ), and risk. Our sample frame comprises 476 firms in nine US manufacturing industries during the period 1999–2009. We employ DEA ‐based measures for OP and CSP , two operationalizations for FP to reflect current profitability and market value, and two operationalizations for risk to reflect bankruptcy risk and...