Analytical Model and Performance Evaluation of Long-Term Evolution for Vehicle Safety Services

In a traffic jam or dense vehicle environment, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) cannot meet the safety requirement due to serious packet collisions. The traditional cellular network solves packet collisions but suffers from long end-to-end delay. Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) overcomes both drawbacks; thus, it may be used, instead of VANETs, in some extreme environments. We use Markov models with dynamic...