Both systemic and local lipopolysaccharide (LPS) burden are associated with knee OA severity and inflammation

The microbiome is recognized as a new frontier in medicine with connections to a variety of diseases. We aimed to evaluate the association of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key pro-inflammatory product of the microbiome, with severity of inflammation, symptoms and radiographic abnormalities of knee osteoarthritis (OA).LPS was measured using a recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay, carefully optimized for systemic and synovial fluid (SF) analyses. LPS...