Level Surveys and Patterns of Movement in Collapsible and Expansive Soils Studies

The demerits of level surveys for assessing foundation movements associated with moisture-induced volume change of soils have been well discussed and debated in the literature. In spite of the limitations of level surveys, and the associated strong desirability of benchmarked survey data for assessment of foundations movements on moisture sensitive soils, unbenchmarked level surveys continue to be used in forensic studies of buildings damaged by...