Multinational Enterprises within Cultural Space and Place: Integrating Cultural Distance and Tightness–Looseness

Prior research into the effects of cultural differences between multinational enterprises’ (MNEs’) home and host countries on expatriate staffing decisions in foreign subsidiaries has produced a large number of conflicting findings. We address some of these conflicting findings and aim to advance theory in two ways. First, we draw on transaction cost economics to explain why and how the effects of cultural distance on the proportion of...