Calculation of Average Molecular Parameters, Functional Groups, and a Surrogate Molecule for Heavy Fuel Oils Using ¹H and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is primarily used as fuel in marine engines and boilers to generate electricity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful analytical tool for structure elucidation, and in this study, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used for the structural characterization of two HFO samples. The NMR data were combined with elemental analysis and average molecular weight to quantify average molecular parameters (AMPs), such as the...