Combinatorial Approach of Antigen Delivery Using M Cell-Homing Peptide and Mucoadhesive Vehicle to Enhance the Efficacy of Oral Vaccine

Orally ingested pathogens or antigens are taken up by microfold cells (M cells) in Peyer’s patches of intestine to initiate protective immunity against infections. However, the uptake of orally delivered protein antigens through M cells is very low due to lack of specificity of proteins toward M cells and degradation of proteins in the harsh environment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. To overcome these limitations, here we developed a...