Rubber Friction on Ice: Experiments and Modeling

Rubber friction on ice is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The friction tests involve three different rubber tread compounds and four ice surfaces exhibiting different roughness characteristics. Tests are carried out at four different ambient air temperatures ranging from $-5 to -13\,^{\circ }\hbox {C} , under three different nominal pressures ranging from 0.15 to 0.45\,\hbox {MPa} , and at the sliding speed 0.65 m/s....