Application of microwave-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for ultra-trace determination of lead and cadmium in cereals and agricultural products

This study was designed to determine the ultra-trace amounts of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in various cereals (rice, wheat, barley, peas, beans, corn and lentil) obtained from the markets in Kermanshah city, West Iran. An efficient microextraction method was applied to separation and preconcentration of metal ions. This method is dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop, which overcomes the most...