R&D policy instruments – a critical review of what we do and don’t know

In recent years, the term “policy instrument” has been used frequently with regard to R&D policy and innovation policy. This article examines the development of the term as part of a body of research known as “policy design”. Over the last 50 years, there has been substantial progress in setting policy design on a more systematic basis, with the development of established concepts and analytical frameworks, including various taxonomies of policy...