Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review

The ‘epidemic’ of heart failure seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction ( LVD ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of heart failure and LVD are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of LVD , and heart failure with reduced ( HFrEF ) and preserved ejection...