Mitigation of heating of an urban building rooftop during hot summer by a hydroponic rice system

The use of green roofs is an important method for mitigating heating of urban rooftop environments. Our study aimed to demonstrate the mitigation of thermal effects on a hot rooftop during summer by a hydroponic system in which rice was grown. The system was installed on the top of a commercial building in the large city of Osaka, Japan; the roof was divided into two areas, one bare, the other covered by the hydroponic system. In both areas, we...