Locally invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma: 1940–1990

Well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma infrequently invades the upper aerodigestive tract. However, when invasion occurs, it is the source of significant morbidity. The most common structures invaded by thyroid carcinoma are the recurrent laryngeal nerves, larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Invasion of these structures produces symptoms of airway insufficiency, dysphagia, and hemoptysis. This study was designed to define more clearly the...