Estimation of global NH₃ volatilization loss from synthetic fertilizers and animal manure applied to arable lands and grasslands

One of the main causes of the low efficiency in nitrogen (N) use by crops is the volatilization of ammonia (NH 3 ) from fertilizers. Information taken from 1667 NH 3 volatilization measurements documented in 148 research papers was summarized to assess the influence on NH 3 volatilization of crop type, fertilizer type, and rate and mode of application and temperature, as well as soil organic carbon, texture, pH, CEC, measurement technique, and...