A novel maximum power point tracking strategy based on optimal voltage control for photovoltaic systems under variable environmental conditions

From the engineering cybernetics perspective, determining the output voltage of a solar cell corresponding to the maximum power point (MPP) under variable temperature and irradiation conditions is essential for tracking the maximum power point. However, conventional methods could not effectively achieve this goal, and approaches for utilizing this information do not exist, including the output voltage and duty cycle at MPP, in the control...