Evaluation of Head Orientation and Neck Muscle EMG Signals as Command Inputs to a Human–Computer Interface for Individuals With High Tetraplegia

We investigated the performance of three user interfaces for restoration of cursor control in individuals with tetraplegia: head orientation, electromyography(EMG) from face and neck muscles, and a standard computer mouse (for comparison). Subjects engaged in a 2-D, center-out, Fitts' Law style task and performance was evaluated using several measures. Overall, head orientation commanded motion resembled mouse commanded cursor motion (smooth,...