The Reference Group Effect

Volume: 43, Issue: 8, Pages: 1205 - 1228
Published: Feb 9, 2012
Abstract
Academic self-concept and achievement are positively related among students from the same school and country. Yet negative associations between these variables may be found at the level of schools and countries. In the present article, we propose how this apparent paradox can be explained in terms of reference group effects, in which high standards, norms, or benchmarks act to decrease academic self-concept, whereas low ones have the contrary...
Paper Details
Title
The Reference Group Effect
Published Date
Feb 9, 2012
Volume
43
Issue
8
Pages
1205 - 1228
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