Hypoxia-mediated regulation of macrophage functions in pathophysiology

Oxygen availability affects cell differentiation, survival and function, with profound consequences on tissue homeostasis, inflammation and immunity. A gradient of oxygen levels is present in most organs of the body as well as in virtually every site of inflammation, damaged or pathological tissue. As a consequence, infiltrating leukocytes, macrophages in particular, are equipped with the capacity to shift their metabolism to anaerobic...