Who is retained in school, and when? Survival analysis of predictors of grade retention in Luxembourgish secondary school

Based on a large longitudinal sample (N = 9031) of Luxemburgish secondary school students, this study examined whether variables reflecting the sociodemographic background of the students (gender, nationality and socioeconomic status) as well as the school track proved to be predictors of grade retention. These possible predictors of grade retention were tested against the effect of students’ achievements, represented by their grade point...