Dysfunctional family environment in affected versus unaffected offspring of parents with bipolar disorder

Objective: Children of parents with bipolar disorder (BD) are at heightened risk for developing mood and other psychiatric disorders. We proposed to evaluate the environment of families with at least one parent with BD type I (BDF) with affected offspring (aBDF) and unaffected offspring (uBDF) compared with control families without a history of DSM-IV Axis I disorder (CF). Method: We used the Family Environment Scale (FES) to evaluate 47 BDF...