Why do Highly Qualified Women (Still) Earn Less? Gender Differences in Long-Term Predictors of Career Success

Our study investigated gender differences in the long-term effects of education, work experience, agentic personality traits, and number of children on career success (i.e., salary) in medicine. German male and female students ( N = 99) were surveyed at a German medical school (T1) and 15 years later (T2). Women interrupted their careers for longer than men ( d = .92). Men had a substantially higher income at T2 ( d = 1.07). Career...