Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

In the present study, we investigated the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The apoptosis in H 2 O 2 ‐induced PC12 cells was accompanied by a decrease in Bcl‐2/Bax protein ratio, release of cytochrome c to cytosol and the activation of caspase‐3. TMP not only suppressed the down‐regulation of Bcl‐2, up‐regulation of Bax and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol,...