Evaluation of restoration effectiveness: community response to the removal of alien plants

Plant invasions are a key cause of biodiversity loss and motivate many restoration programs worldwide. We assessed restoration success of an invaded forest in the Azores using two complementary experimental designs: a before-after control-impact (BACI) design compared a restored and a control (unmanipulated) site over three years, while a control-impact (CI) design evaluated the short-term effects of restoration on restored-control replicated...