Effects of Fat and Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory and Immune Responses: A Critical Review

intakes, and the relative relevance of direct AA intakes versus endogenous production, have not been fully assessed. • Formation of LC n–3 FA, especially to DHA, from ALA appears to be rather inefficient, although somewhat higher conversion rates have been shown in premenopausal women than in men [Giltay et al., 2004]. • There is competition between the two metabolic pathways, especially at the desaturation steps, and at the cellular level...