On the Southern Ocean CO₂ uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century

We use a suite of eight ocean biogeochemical/ecological general circulation models from the Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives to explore the relative roles of changes in winds (positive trend of Southern Annular Mode, SAM) and in warming‐ and freshening‐driven trends of upper ocean stratification in altering export production and CO 2 uptake in the Southern Ocean at the end...