Recent status of fluidized bed technologies for producing iron input materials for steelmaking

Today steel is produced by two steelmaking processes, the basic oxygen furnace and the electric arc furnace. Three types of iron input materials for both processes are liquid hot metal or in solidified form as pig iron, direct reduced iron (DRI) and hot briquetted iron (HBI) as well as steel scrap. Hot metal, pig iron, DRI and HBI are virgin iron materials, which have to be produced from iron ore by the so-called ironmaking technologies. New...