Imaging techniques for mapping solution parameters, growth rate, and surface features during the growth of crystals from solution

This review summarizes the optical, electromagnetic, and acoustic imaging techniques that are in use or available for mapping convection, temperature, and solute concentration in the solution around a growing crystal and for measuring the growth rate and the facial micromorphology of the crystal itself. By way of introduction, the need for such mapping, the value of optical, electromagnetic, and acoustic techniques, and the comparative value of...