Sex-specific relationships between adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five states

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before age 18 have been repeatedly associated with several chronic diseases in adulthood such as depression, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and stroke. We examined sex-specific relationships between individual ACEs and the number of ACEs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population.Data from 26,546 women and 19,015 men aged ≥18 years in five states of the 2011 Behavioral Risk...