Ping alert: smelling out the highs and lows of diabetes

During the 1890s, the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that the dog's unconditioned response of salivating when given food could be replaced by a different stimulus but elicit the same reaction. He recognised that dogs can change their behaviour by learning, or through so-called conditioning. This attribute is key to successful dog training. In the 1930s, dogs started to guide visually impaired people in Britain; since the birth of...