Morphology-controlled In₂O₃ nanostructures enhance the performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Nanotower- and nanowall-like indium oxide structures were grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/In2O3 seeded substrates and pristine FTO substrates, respectively, by a straightforward solvothermal method. The tower-like nanostructures are proposed to form via a self-assembly process on the In2O3 seeds. The wall-like nanostructures are proposed to form via epitaxial growth from the exposed edges of SnO2 crystals of the FTO substrate....