Stoichiometry at the leading edge of a tribrachial flame in laminar jets from Raman scattering technique

Non-premixed laminar or turbulent flames can undergo extinction when scalar dissipation rates exceed a critical value. When local extinction occurs, negative edge flames that act to expand the region of extinction are initially present. Steady negative edge flames have been previously studied in a combustor designed to support the negative propagation velocity of the flame edge, but unsteady negative edge flames have not received significant...