Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes with superior antibacterial and easy-cleaning properties through hydrophilic flexible spacers

Surface modification which creates surfaces capable of killing adherent bacteria and simply repelling dead bacteria was performed on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous membranes. Briefly, nitrile groups on the PAN nanofiber surfaces were reduced into amino groups, extended tethers by coupling of hydrophilic flexible spacers, followed by reaction with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHGH) to provide antibacterial...