Hydraulics of Center-Pivot Laterals: Complete Analysis of Friction Head Loss

The classical expressions obtained through the mathematical theory of friction head loss along the center-pivot lateral are adequate for many existing center-pivots. Nevertheless, several important aspects are not accounted for in the classic approaches, such as the presence of closed outlets at the beginning of the center-pivot and the friction head loss that occurs between the last sprinkler and the end gun. Furthermore, the irrigated radius...