Reciprocal relationship between pain and depression in older adults: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Previous cross-sectional studies have shown an association between pain and depression, but it is unclear which comes first. Our objectives were to determine the temporal relationship between pain and depression, and to investigate whether these two syndromes share predictors.A 2-year, population-based, prospective, observational study of 3654 older adults aged 65 and above selected from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing Waves 1 and 2....