Anisotropic circular dichroism signatures of oriented thylakoid membranes and lamellar aggregates of LHCII

In photosynthesis research, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is an indispensable tool to probe molecular architecture at virtually all levels of structural complexity. At the molecular level, the chirality of the molecule results in intrinsic CD; pigment–pigment interactions in protein complexes and small aggregates can give rise to excitonic CD bands, while “psi-type” CD signals originate from large, densely packed chiral aggregates. It has...